Founded in 1998 and headquartered in Addison, Texas, Affirmative Insurance Holdings, Inc. operated as a provider of non-standard personal automobile insurance. The company targeted individuals who had difficulty obtaining standard insurance due to their driving records, credit history, or other factors. It distributed its products through a network of independent retailers and a smaller number of company-owned retail locations. After facing significant financial difficulties, the company and its insurance subsidiaries were declared insolvent and placed into liquidation by state regulators in September 2015.